The Use of Metaphors, Repetition of Words and Biblical References in Obama’s Speech of Inauguration Based on “Analyzing Political Discourses” Theory and Practice by Paul Chilton

The utilization of similitudes, reiteration of words and scriptural references in Obama’s discourse of initiation dependent on â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourses† Theory and Practice by Paul Chilton Number of Words: 2589 Introduction: Political talks are made to dazzle, convince and to underline thoughts to change a nation. Lawmakers utilize specific authors to compose for them their talks or utilize a great deal of time to keep in touch with one, as political talks are significant for the future result. For instance: To be casted a ballot by the individuals or clarify terrible circumstance on a satisfactory way with the goal that the individuals don’t offended.To accomplish this objective, a few techniques are utilized. In any case, in this paper I will concentrate on similitudes, the redundancy of determined words and the utilization of Biblical references, utilizing strategies given by Paul Chilton in his book â€Å"Analyzing Political Discourse, Theory and Practice†. As exploratory domain I utilized the debut discourse of Barrack Obama, which he utilized for his first candidature to turn into the leader of the United States of America. The Speech by Barrack Obama can be found in the Appendix. My objective isn't just to perceive what and how he utilized the strategies yet additionally what objective he attempted to achieve.It is essential to have some foundation data and what the individuals thought of him. With respect to America and different parts on the planet, Obama represents another philosophy, he guarantees America better medicinal services, the finish of the War and answers for some issues, continually accentuating that this objective can just accomplished as a group/country yet does he prevail to give us this picture? What stunts did he use? What is an allegory? Similitudes are utilized in political talks to supplant words that the crowd doesn’t need to hear or could respond gravely. Yet, what is a metaphor?In s cholarly use, an allegory (from the Greek: metapherin logical trope)[1] is characterized as a backhanded examination between at least two subjects that are normally connected by a â€Å"is a† to join the two subjects. For instance we can take following sentence: † This Man is a mammoth â€Å". This is a curved structure to stress the sentence that the Man resembles a monster. Paul Chilton is the feeling that, Metaphors, qua models of political real factors, as he calls them, are a piece of political talks of today and utilized as vehicles to carry a conclusion to an objective. [2] We understand since us all talk in illustrations whether we understand it or not.For model Mark Johnson, a scholar, proposes that representations not just make our considerations increasingly distinctive and intriguing yet that they really structure and individualize our observations and seeing with the end goal that every individual has an alternate comprehension and musings about a typical subject. [3] Metaphor is for some individuals a gadget of lovely and logical creative mind and advancement instead of the common language, which isn't right as demonstrated previously. Similitude examination in Barrack Obama’s Speech: In the accompanying focuses I will uncover a few illustrations Obama utilized and will attempt to uncover why he utilized them.But likewise the Biblical references utilized as an analogy, or as an extension to move his Ideas. 1. CHANGE IS A MOVEMENT Citation out of the Speech: 1) â€Å"Forty-four Americans have now made the presidential vow. The words have been verbally expressed during rising tides of success the still waters of harmony. â€Å" 2) â€Å"The question we ask today isn't whether our legislature is too enormous or excessively little, however whether it works †regardless of whether it assists families with securing positions at a respectable pay, care they can bear, a retirement that is noble. Where the appropriate response is truly, we mean to push ahead. Where the appropriate response is no, projects will end. †In the primary reference â€Å"rising tides† and â€Å"still waters† are utilized as source spaces, though the objective area is the word â€Å"prosperity† and â€Å"peace†. As it tends to be found in the expressions: â€Å"rising tides of prosperity† â€Å"the still waters of peace† here, the development is a difference in area (rising) or a fixed second (still). On the off chance that it includes a development as change of area, it very well may be related with the words: forward, in reverse, upward, descending, etc†¦ so various bearings and developments. The â€Å"rising tide of prosperity† can be viewed as a condition of thriving that has moved and is changing, while harmony has still not changed.This development of which Obama is discussing can likewise be viewed as a: progression of regular power (â€Å"the rising tides†) and substance (â€Å"still waters†). In the allegorical articulation in reference 2) the part which goes about as source is the expression â€Å"We expect to move forward† and â€Å"programs will end† where Obama is discussing the thoughts of the US-government to give occupations and a superior social guarantee. [4] In both figurative articulations, I think Obama needs to reveal to us that all leaders of America had made the presidential vow to create America.All of their exertion had the point of raising financial turn of events and flourishing and that these must be accomplished as a country with a solid political help from the individuals. In this way, the â€Å"WE† as a country, which he utilizes a great deal in his addresses. 2. POLITIC IS A JOURNEY 1) This is the excursion we proceed with today. We remain the most prosperous, amazing country on Earth. 2) Our excursion has never been one of alternate routes or making due with less. It has not been t he way for the cowardly †for the individuals who incline toward recreation to work, or look for just the delights of wealth and fame.Rather, it has been the daring individuals, the practitioners, the producers of things †some celebrated however more regularly people dark in their work, which have conveyed us up the long, rough way towards thriving and opportunity. In the allegorical articulation of the primary reference the part which goes about as a source area is the expression: â€Å"This is the excursion we proceed today† though the focal point of the reference is the American Political life. By saying the sentence â€Å"This is the excursion we proceed today† gave me the feeling that the American individuals are contrasted with voyagers having an excursion to a certain destination.Even however we realize that governmental issues is no excursion all things considered yet can be viewed as such in a figurative manner. In the figurative articulation of the s econd reference the part that interfaces as source is the expression â€Å"Our venture has never been one of easy routes or agreeing to less. It has not been the way for the black out hearted† while the objective is likewise the American political life, as in the principal reference with another implication yet remembering the possibility of an excursion. We can see that in the two references have a similar thought of an excursion which is given to the audience.The thought behind is that the crowds who are engaged with political life resemble voyagers on an excursion, with their basic need in life seen as the objective of this excursion. The political exercises and connection is their vehicle used to arrive at the objective of basic intrigue. [5] 3. Scriptural REFERANCES AS A LIFESTYLE The references I utilized here are taken again in a different section utilizing the hypothetical rapprochement given by Paul Chilton to a limited extent III part 10. 1)â€Å"We stay a youthful country, however, in the expressions of Scripture, the opportunity has arrived to put aside puerile things. † 2) â€Å"Love shows restraint, love is kind.It doesn't begrudge, it doesn't brag, it isn't pleased. It isn't discourteous, it isn't selfish, it isn't effectively maddened, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love doesn't thoroughly enjoy malicious yet cheers with reality. It generally ensures, consistently trusts, consistently trusts, and consistently endures. Love never comes up short. † In the first reference the source area given is the expression â€Å"time has come to put aside silly things† where he focuses on the way of life of the Americans. It gives the feeling that the quarrels they had over political issues are whimsical and that they should center to endeavor a typical goal.In the second reference he utilizes a similar thought, again utilizing a reference out of a strict book utilizing as source space â€Å"Love shows restraint, love is caring. It doesn't begrudge, it doesn't gloat, it isn't pleased. It isn't impolite, it isn't self-seeking† like before the objective is the way of life of the Americans which Obama scrutinizes. Obviously through these references Obama attempts to reason the populace citing scriptural references. Contrasting America and adolescence and revealing to them that through adoration just, again cooperating, all objectives can be achieved.I wont go further into this correlation as I will return to it later on in the content. Recurrence of words: To perceive what words Obama utilized in his discourse every now and again and how often we needed to realize what number of words are in his entire discourse, which lies around 2403 words. As such I had the option to give the level of the most utilized words. The word Obama laid the most accentuates is â€Å"WE† which he utilized multiple times, which can be comprehended as his discourse is tied in with cooperating as a country and is additionall y a word utilized in his trademark: â€Å"Yes WE can†. Different words he utilized oftentimes are:[6] KeywordRepeatsDensity Nation 12 0,50 New 11 0,46America 9 0,37 Today 7 0,29 People 7 0,29 The reiteration of these words sticks with the audience members as such the audience will consistently recollect this words and will join them with the talk of Obama. Concerning mind control the reiteration remains in our psyche. [7]When we are learning or taking a gander at commercials or when we are learning a melody, we generally rehash them until we know them by heart. On account of showcasing the commercials are kept simple and demonstrated mutiple with the goal that they stick in our psyches and when we need to pick between two item we will picked the one we â€Å"know† or that we can recollect of.The same is in political talks. The more regularly it is rehashed the more we will

Court Issues

The criminal equity framework has changed colossally throughout the decades thus has society. It is significant that the court framework make changes to stay aware of the occasions. There are portions of the court framework that should be distinguished to have these progressions happen. One of these regions is how courts are overseen including their issues and goals. Another pattern that has risen is victims’ rights. Casualties would now be able to mediate in the cases before condemning. Later on, courts could lose cases to assertion and intercession otherwise called the private area of the courts. Understanding these progressions and issues are significant so the courts can compare with the patterns as they happen. The courts are a significant bit of the equity framework. So as to meet the areas of the criminal equity framework the courts develop with the new procedures and patterns as they occur. Underneath the passages will break down and investigate future administration issues managing mechanical advancements and how the new innovation is affecting the courts. Alongside how victims’ rights are affecting the courts. One of the primary issues that the courts are looking later on is the conceivable division between the private law area and the courts. The mechanical advancements additionally impacts the courts staff and judges. Present and future patterns confronting the courts and heads One of the issues confronting the court framework today is judges can't see numerous cases as a result of their authoritative job. Judges invest most of their energy â€Å"papering spending plans, booking cases, directing workers, and keeping up court records† (Robinson, 2009, pg. 208, para 5). The town hall employee’s cooperate getting cases apportioned as fast as could reasonably be expected. A portion of these cases are excused before being seen on account of what number of cases there are. A large number of the minor cases are supplication dealt with the goal that the more genuine cases can be seen. In doing this the adjudicators and the courts have more opportunity to spend on the intense cases, for example, murder cases. The court framework needs to make modifications because of the numerous cases that they have getting through the courts and they could never got up to speed in view of the way that there are numerous individuals having run in with the law requirement. Another difficult that courts are confronting today is the unevenness of intensity. In the court today the examiners have more force on the grounds that there are the ones that choose if there will be charges recorded against somebody. This implies if the investigator doesn't indict a case the appointed authority and safeguard lawyer will have nothing to do with the result of that case. One previous United States Attorney General has expressed â€Å"the examiner has more power over life, freedom, and notoriety than some other individual in America† (Robinson, 2009, pg. 209, para 4). The force that the adjudicators have has been decreased as a result of the progressions in condemning and rules. The obligatory condemning laws has given investigators the expansion intensity of arraignment power over cases and how they are discarded. With the force that examiners have the equity framework is being compromised. In the event that the law was as yet equivalent the resistance lawyer would have the assets they have to support the respondent. The protection lawyers have substantial caseloads in light of the fact that they work for the administration and their assets are constrained that they can get to. Issues and patterns with respect to language translation administrations All through the United States people depend on the court framework to comprehend issues and debates in their lives. Language hindrances between an individual and the courts cause the procedure to get postponed in light of the fact that it causes correspondence and getting issues. At the point when an observer is on the stand affirming that communicates in an alternate language that mediators need to comprehend what the observer is stating so they can convey their actual importance of their announcement. The United States acknowledges a wide range of settlers and the method of imparting. One of the key rights that the United States has is to perceive the significant motivation behind why workers go to the United States, â€Å"in our country’s confidence in equivalent equity for all, yet to have equivalent equity, each casualty, each witness must comprehend what's going on in the courtroom† (Board of Directors, 2007, pg. 3, para 2). With the expanding populace of settlers that don't communicate in English is making it harder to oblige for individuals in light of the fact that the courts need to ensure that the translator completely comprehends the language and can decipher what the observer is stating. New York courts utilize around 300 full and low maintenance court mediators, and 1,200 translators on the routine set of expenses bases, to offer types of assistance in more than 100 languages† (Board of Directors, 2007, pg. 4, para 2). The multi-faceted sort of correspondence makes it harder for translators in the courts as a result of the words mea ning various things in the various societies in the United States. A translator of the courts additionally needs to comprehend lawful wording and methods of the social substance that impacts all people engaged with the case. Translators will prevail in their occupations in the event that they can pass on what the speaker is significance to state without adjusting the articulation or tone of the speaker. There are three kinds of deciphering, which are; back to back, concurrent, and sight. Successive deciphering is the point at which the translator trusts that a gathering of words will be verbally expressed before they decipher information disclosed. Synchronous is the point at which the translator tunes in and deciphers in an alternate language simultaneously. The latter is sight and this is when mediators read one language and deciphers it resoundingly in another. Language understanding administrations is a changeless segment in the criminal equity framework with the goal that the protected rights prerequisites are meet for all people. Courts are currently required to designate a mediator when respondents and witnesses don't communicate in English for a situation. Effect that casualty rights laws have on court procedures (past, present, future) Thirty years prior, victims’ rights didn't exist. The casualties were not informed about the courts preparing or if the case was dropped and the litigant was discharged. Today, every state has a broad collection of essential rights and securities for casualties inside its legal code† (Office for Victims of Crime, 2013). Activists examined altering the Constitution of the United States to perceive victims’ rights rules in the criminal equity procedures. It was not until 1982 that a President’s Task Force on survivors of wrongdoing proposed for the Sixth Amendment of the Constit ution to be changed with the goal that casualties are remembered for the legal procedures. California was the primary state to embrace the sacred correction in 1982 and before the finish of the 21 century 49 states passed the victims’ Bill of Rights and this gave casualties advantages and choices for their situation. Two presidents bolstered the alteration of the constitution toward the finish of the 21st century. The correction gave casualties the option to get data, assurance, and compensation from the guilty party. This additionally gave the casualty the option to communicate their perspectives on condemning, bail, and parole. Victims’ rights has made some amazing progress sense the mid 1970’s and will keep on changing as it needs as well. There are a few issues confronting the courts and courts executives framework today. The examination above talked about these issues and offer data to help the discoveries. The data of future administration issues and patterns with respect to language translation was talked about in the investigation. The past, present, and future effect of victims’ rights laws on the court continuing were talked about in detail.

Congratulations on Your Admission!

Congratulations on Your Admission! Congratulations, you are now an I-L-L-I-N-I! Soaking It In Tell your friends, your teachers, and your parents if you havent already. Receiving your acceptance letter spurred a burst of emotions not only because you were accepted to one of the best universities in the U.S., but because this marks the beginning of a new journey and a new chapter in your life. Theres a lot to be excited aboutâ€"like the Illinois experience, the food, our beautiful campus, our knowledgeable professors, over 1,800 student organizations to explore, and the admissions counselors who are here to help you every step along the way. Need a longer list of reasons? We have them: 10 Reasons Why Illinois Is the Best! A Little Advice As you start to prepare for college, I have some words of wisdom to share: Keep working hard and finish your last year of high school on a strong note. You want to make sure your grades dont slip!Our campus is beautiful, but dont take our word for itâ€"if you havent visited campus yet, we strongly recommend you make a trip here to see what makes us one of the top college towns in the nation.Start familiarizing yourself with the resources we have for students, especially the ones you plan on taking full advantage of once you get on campus. We share your excitement and curiosity for what the next four years as a Fighting Illini will look like for you. There are so many things to do once you are on campus, but we encourage you to take the time to settle in, get to know yourself, and improve your time-management skills before jumping into too many things at once. Time management is key because you will have to craft a schedule that works for youâ€"you can choose your own courses, your own time to study, and your recreational time. This does not take into account any time you plan on dedicating for extracurriculars like our student groups. So start working on better refining your time-management skills this summer to be a little more prepared for the busy life of an Illini. Next Steps Our institution has plenty of resources for incoming students, and we hope you take advantage of everything we have to offer in order to make your transition to college life as smooth as possible. It all starts with your Admitted Student Checklist, so head on over to our blog post Youre admitted! Now what? to get an informational breakdown of everything on your checklist. Brian Senior Associate Director of Recruitment Outreach, Undergraduate Admissions I'm here to help high school students and their families navigate the college search process. An Illinois alumnus (LAS ’02), I had the honor to play football for the Orange and Blue.

What do CE1and Collège refer to in French

From kindergarten to higher studies, the names for grades and school levels (elementary, junior high, high school) vary substantially from French to English. The words used to describe the elements of the educational experience can also vary widely for those of us who have studied in US or UK schools. For instance, the word for school in general is à ©cole, but it also means  elementary school, and the term for an elementary school pupil is à ©colier.  In later grades and college, a student is un à ©tudiant.   Here are French school names, according to level and year, with the corresponding term in the US and UK. For clarity, weve provided the age as a reference. LEcole Maternelle (Preschool/Nursery School) Age Grade Abbreviation US UK 3 - 4 Petite section PS Nursery Nursery 4 - 5 Moyenne section MS Pre-K Reception 5 - 6 Grande section GS Kindergarten Year 1 Note that in France, this part of school is not compulsory, although many schools  offer these options and most children do attend preschool, or at least part of it. These three years are government supported and, thus,  free (or very cheap). There is also before- and after-school care. LEcole Primaire (Elementary School/Primary School) Age Grade Abbreviation US UK 6 - 7 Cours prparatoire CP 11 me 1st Grade Year 2 7 - 8 Cours lmentaire premire anne CE1 / 10me 2nd Grade Year 3 8 - 9 Cours lmentaire deuxime anne CE2 / 9me 3rd Grade Year 4 9 - 10 Cours moyen premire anne CM1 / 8me 4th Grade Year 5 10 - 11 Cours moyen deuxime anne CM2 / 7me 5th Grade Year 6 In France, school is compulsory starting with the first grade of elementary school, or le cours prà ©paratoire, onzià ¨me (11th). Note that this is the first major difference between French and English-language school names: The French count school years in  descending order (11,10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, and a final year called terminale). The US and UK count years in ascending order (2, 3, 4, and so on). After là ©cole primaire, French students start what are called, secondary studies, or les à ©tudes secondaires. Le Collà ¨ge (Junior High School) Age Grade Abbreviation US UK 11 - 12 Sixime 6e or 6me 6th Grade Year 7 12 - 13 Cinquime 5e or 5me 7th Grade Year 8 13 - 14 Quatrime 4e or 4me 8th Grade Year 9 14 - 15 Troisime 3e or 3me 9th Grade Year 10 Watch out for the false cognate college. In French,  le collà ¨ge is junior high school, not college. What we call college or university in English is luniversità ©Ã‚  or la facultà ©Ã‚  in French. Some formal education is compulsory until the end of junior high, although several solutions are possible if a student wants to enter an apprenticeship. The rules concerning this process change frequently, so it is best to seek out an expert at school for more information.   Le collà ¨ge  ends with an exam called le brevet des collà ¨ges (BEPC). Le Lycà ©e (High School) Age Grade Abbreviation US UK 15 - 16 Seconde 2de 10th Grade Year 11 16 - 17 Premire 1re 11th Grade Year 12 17 - 18 Terminale Term or Tle 12th Grade Year 13 At the  end of  le lycà ©e,  theres  a test called le baccalaurà ©at  (or  le bac, with the final c pronounced as a k). The three main strands of the bac are:  le bac L  (littà ©raire), le bac ES  (à ©conomique et social)  and le bac S (scientifique).  There is also  le bac professionnel,  which comprises nearly 40  specialist or vocational areas. Passing the bac allows French students to continue their education with higher studies (des à ©tudes supà ©rieures)  at a university (luniversità ©) or faculty (la facultà ©). The prestigious Grandes Ecoles are the equivalent of the Ivy League.  When you specialize, you will say you are, for example, a law student (à ©tudiant en droit)  or a student in medicine (à ©tudiant en  mà ©decine). An undergraduate student is un à ©tudiant  avant la licence.  A postgraduate student is  un  Ãƒ ©tudiant  aprà ¨s la licence.

The Last Pick By David Mcgillivray - 1315 Words

With any amount of success, one must face adversity. In order to progress in life, one must experience both failure and success, this is inevitable. It is what one does with the failures which they have endured, that matters. By turning a defeat into a favorable outcome, one cannot only learn from their past, but also, can use those lessons to better themselves for the next time. David McGillivray has become a master of this art, turning what are seemingly failures into successes by changing his point of view and mindset. Within his book, The Last Pick, one can read about his multiple failures that later lead to his successes. McGillivray s height was a personal factor that he struggled with throughout most of younger stages of life.†¦show more content†¦As tryouts proceeded, McGillivray made it to the last round, and then was cut. The coach justified this cut by saying that if he was a few inches taller, he would be starting. This could have been a devastating failure to Mc Gillivray, and at first, it must have been. Although, he did not let it end his high school athletic career. From there, he joined the soccer team, where could utilize his speed and agility. Then, in addition to soccer, he simultaneously become a part of the cross country team as well. Through his dedication and hard work in both these sports, he developed into an excellent player for both teams. In his last year of his high school career, McGillivray was granted the highest award an athlete could have received. The Phelan Award was presented to him as a representation of his hard work and athletic excellence in his area. From a boy who got cut from his high school basketball team, to the young man who was awarded the most prestige trophy possible to receive as an athlete, he had made a complete 360. McGillivray once again took what is seemingly a failure, to one of the greatest accomplishments in his high school career. Lastly, the final failure to success story that McGillivray co vers within my reading was his first attempt to complete the Boston Marathon of 1972. On April 17, 1972 McGillivray decided to run the Boston Marathon on the whim. The morning of the Marathon Monday, he woke up, borrowed a bib from a fellow runner, laced up hisShow MoreRelatedThe Cause of Globalization18688 Words   |  75 Pagesexplains the rapid pace of international market integration in recent decades? The first perspective claims that what we are witnessing today is, in fact, nothing new because current levels of market integration are only now returning to those in the last great era of economic internationalization at the turn of the 20th century. This view has been accepted as a statement of fact in numerous influential studies (Katzenstein, Keohane, Krasner, 1998, p. 669; Krasner, 1999, pp. 220-223; Rodrik, 1997;

The List Of Pros And Cons Of Human Cloning - 1624 Words

ource4 : The list of Pros and cons of human cloning Summary: The necessary technology has been created, as evident in the story of Dolly the sheep. People still pose questions such as the role of God in Society. Here is a list of pros of human cloning : It could eliminate defective genes , It is considered as the logical next step in the reproductive technology, It could aid in faster recoveries from injuries, it gives a new meaning to genetic modification. As all things human cloning also has cons. Here is a short list of those cons : it risks the possibility of faster aging, it can bring forth a reduced sense of individuality, it can cause a divide among people and it might decrease the overall value of human life.(Pao Chang, 2016)†¦show more content†¦Summary: surveys of people’s attitudes towards human reproductive focusing on only moral judgements alone, not on emotional reactions or sentiments. As people already have widespread negative emotions, like disgust, that provide a moral guide to their choses. To provi de some data on emotional reactions to human cloning. A brief mixed-method is used to study the measures of self-reported attitudes and emotions towards cloning. Most participants condemned cloning( as predicted) said that it is immoral and it should be banned. Some reported positive sentiment. Participants mostly felt interested and anxious about human reproductive cloning. They did not feel disgusted. This shows that are willing to give a shot. Validity The source is very valid source as the researcher has high credentials, the researcher has a PhD in human psychology and the he quotes people with high credentials such as a Nisbet MC. Who has credentials in stem cell research and Dr Sheperd R how did a psychological study on the different sets of people. The conclusions that the researcher made are logically derived from the evidence from the questionnaires. 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However, â€Å"The world was shocked in February of 1997 when British scientist, named Ian Wilmot announced that his research team successfully cloned lamb named dolly from an adult sheep at the Roselyn Institute in Scotland†.(1) For what seemed like a dream for many years quickly turned into reality. The newest and possibly the most controversial phenomena in

Problem with Using Interview as a Selection Method

Question: Write a critical review report about problem with using interview as a selection method. Answer: Abstract The employment interview has emerged as the most popular tool of selection procedure in any organisation long back, and there has been not much modification in the manner it is held. It has been used ubiquitously by the recruiting agencies and has also been widely researched topic for the researchers. More than 100 research papers have been published about this subject. These papers have hovered around three main themes namely, understanding how a structured interview accurately predicts about a candidate, the parameters of a candidate that can be measured with the help of such job interviews and a critical analysis of the applicant factors which has influenced the interview process. Although research has advanced a lot and has enlightened us about the numerous aspects of a job interview, there is still a considerable gap in the research which can tell us about the possible fallacies of the interview being used as a single mode of selection. A person may have a considerable expertise or prior knowledge in the required field but because of a bad interview experience he or she might get rejected in the selection process. This aspect of a job interview has been highlighted and discussed in detail in this research proposal which constitutes the problems attached to the interview being used as a selection device. Introduction Interviews have been the most popular and easiest method for selection of talent among most of the organisations all over the world. Even if there are other criteria of selection, it is observed that interviews have a disproportionately high weight on the selection criteria. An applicant who performs poorly in a job interview is rejected without any consideration towards his prior experience in the related field, his test scores or any other matter of significance like a letter of recommendation. On the other hand, anyone who has excelled in the interview process is hired although he may not be the best fit for that particular role. This results in lower productivity and ultimately loss of resources for the organisation which proves detrimental in the long term. As a result, there are a plethora of books and guides available for improving the interview performance of a candidate. But nevertheless job interviews have been empirically proved to be pretty bad predictors of employee orga nisation fit or competency judgement for a particular position. This might crop up as a major issue for a team as it will be deprived of proper and suitable talent for its growth and development because of a faulty talent acquisition process. All these factors put together makes the issue of critically analysing the problems involved in job interviews as a selection method all the more important, and there is an urgent need of a thorough research to address the issue. This article undertakes this task of doing a research analysis of the problems involved with job interviews. Literature Review: Job interview and its usefulness as a measure of competency for selecting the best candidate have been the topic of research for quite some time now. In this section, the report goes through the review of existing literature which is related to our research topic. The paper authored by Yet-Mee Lim, Teck Heang Lee, Ching Seng Yap and Chui Ching Ling and published in 2016 with the title (Yet-Mee Lim, Teck Heang Lee, Ching Seng Yap and Chui Ching Ling, 2016) talks about the problems faced by young accounting graduates in employment procedures. They have tried to incorporate different perspectives to analyse and explain the employability capabilities of university accounting students with particular regard to accounting lecturers, junior auditors, accounting firm employers, etc. It thoroughly investigates the early employment problems that are faced by junior accounts and the stress that is given on the employability skills or other personal attributes. The outcomes of the research indic ate that with regards to accounting profession the employers value communication skills, representation, and eye for detail together with time management skills. They expect a dynamic personality with the ability to handle any crunch situation. While as a downside it can be said that the research talked about the negatives of initial employment which include lack of functional knowledge or inexperience in applying the acquired knowledge. Apart from that, there is much chance of the candidate being not responsible since he or she is fresh out of college. All these findings have been listed in the journal article that has been cited earlier. Although it is not directly related to our research topic, we can deduce crucial information from this investigation. It proves that most of the jobs require certain generic criteria for selection like excellent communication skills and so on. As mentioned earlier nowadays there is increased focus on a well-rounded personality than functional expe rtise, and this trend has driven the need for job interviews which tests a candidate for only the generic skills like communication and personality completely overlooking his prior experience or other relevant factors. Moreover, as a result of new employment, there is a considerable mismatch in the role being offered and the expertise or skill sets of the candidate which was also iterated while stating that a single interview can never select the best candidate for a position. Next we turn our attention to the paper authored by Tobias Baur, Ionut Damian, Patrick Gebhard, Kaska Porayska-Pasta and Elisabeth Andre which was published in 2013 named A Job Interview Simulation: Social Cue-based Interaction with a Virtual Character(Tobias Baur, Ionut Damian, Patrick Gebhard, Kaska Porayska-Pomsta and Elisabeth Andre, 2013). This paper deals in detail about an innovation that has happened in the traditional job interview process and the prospects of such innovation. It talks about a virtual set up wherein the interviewer will be a virtual character created through signal processing techniques. It will be in charge of conducting the interview, but its primary focus would be to interpret and analyse the social cues of the candidate and react accordingly. It will be programmed and enabled to respond favourably to the candidate based on the social cue stimulation. This is a technology based latest development in the field of job interview which has limited relation to our research topic. But it is justified to mention here that the existence of such research papers indicate that job interview process is not full proof, and there is considerable work going on to improve and plug the holes in the conversation structures. There is a scope for biasness and other issues in a job interview which can be minimised with the help of such technology-based solution as illustrated in this journal article. In the article authored by Therese Macan with the title The employment interview: A review of current studies and directions for future research" published in 2009, the author talks about the problems involved in using job interview as a selecting device (Macan, 2009). This study makes a thorough analysis of the present structure of the job interview process and the different criteria which are being judged through an employment interview. It throws light upon the factors which are efficiently predicted with the help of a job interview as well as the structure which is prevalent among most of the organisation (Campion, M. A., Palmer, D. K., Campion, J. E., 2007). The paper makes a clear classification about all the parameters like age, gender, race or other disabilities which influence the direction of an interview. It makes sure compelling arguments about whether an interview tests all the facets of the personality of a candidate or it is a faulty method of evaluation. It also disc usses the different formats that are used for interview processes like panel interview or group interview and its efficacy regarding choosing the right candidate. This article can be viewed as very similar to the present research topic, and it is one of the phenomenal works which talks about the inefficacy of job interviews. This paper can act as a guide for the research that is being undertaken in this article. Going forward it is justified to review an article written by Fred Lunenburg in 2010 named "The Interview as a Selection Device: Problems and Possibilities"(Lunenburg, 2010). This article should be seen as a previous work of the present research topic and the work done in this article should be carried forward to come up with meaningful outcomes which can help design a better recruitment process for the organisations. It talks in detail about the interviewing problems faced by the recruiters and methodically classifies them into different reasons. Some of the reasons cited in the paper include not being thorough with the job description; premature decisions, interviewers, are more concerned with any negative information about the candidate, personal biases, etc. The ensuing discussion elaborates on the issues: Unfamiliarity with Job description Interviewers themselves are not aware of the requirement of the job sometimes. This creates a considerable barrier while choosing proper candidates since the interviewers are then not able to ask the right questions or investigate the good qualities that are expected from a candidate (Dougherty, T. W., Turban, D. B., Callender, J. C., 2004). There is a mismatch between the information that is gathered and the way it is interpreted which makes it irrelevant for the job. All these factors lead to waste of time in the job interview process Preconceived Decisions It is quite common in any interview process that the interviewer makes an impression about the candidate in the first few minutes of the interview without going into details or trying to gather relevant information through proper questions. The rest of the interview process then just goes on to reinforce the preconceived belief of the interviewer (Hosoda, M., Stone-Romero, E. F., Coats, G., 2003). Weight age on negative factors It is a general tendency among recruiters to give more importance to any unfavourable information on a candidate than his capabilities and any other definite skill set possessed by the candidate. Moreover, it is seen empirically that if there is a change in a decision from the interviewer's side, then it is mostly in the direction from positive to negative rather than the other direction (Luxen, M. F., van de Vijver, F. J. R., 2006). Personal Biases People are fraught with biases which can range from numerous ideas like people from the developing countries are arrogant or may be individuals who plumb prefer a cushy job rather than a challenging one. All these biases play a pivotal role while the selection of candidates which is entirely irrelevant to the skill and expertise required for a particular job. On the other hand, some recruiters give more weight on overall courtesy, communication skill and personality which are generic qualities rather than any functional expertise. These prejudices need to be eradicated to conduct a fair and just interview process which will be an efficient means of recruiting the right talent (Schmidt, F. L., Hunter, J. E., 2008). Candidate Order The sequence of candidates play a significant role in creating an impression in the minds of the interviewer. Since in a recruitment day there are a lot of interviews that are conducted at a stretch it may happen that the future of a candidate depends on the memory of the recruiter. Often it is found that the interviewer creates an anchoring bias in his or her mind with the performance of the first candidate and then judges the remaining candidates based on the initial candidate's performance. This is not justified since every candidate should be judged or investigated based on his merit or demerit. Apart from this, there is a fatigue issue which creeps in while conducting a day-long interview schedule. This may lead to a less strict interview process than the one carried out at the outset of the day (Wilk, 2003). Hiring Quotas Many a times interviewers are given quotas which they have to fulfil by any means. This creates added pressure on the mind of the interviewers since they have a target to achieve whereas on the other hand if there is a free interview conducted without any external constraint then it has more probability to be fair and adequate. Conclusion As discussed at length in the earlier sections there is ample scope of research to dig out the problems involved in job interview process. Although there are several types of research which have identified the problems and biases with using such selection method, there is little work done to suggest a typical interview format or a structured interview procedure. There can be a formal framework for interviewers which they need to satisfy to be able to take part in the recruitment process. There is the considerable scope of research in this aspect wherein we can interview the human resource heads of several organisations to come up with a standard procedure for the meeting which is free from any of the problems or biases mentioned above. The thought leaders in the human resource educational field can also be interviewed to incorporate their idea of an ideal interview to plug the gap in the recruitment process. To come up with such framework there needs to be done an extensive secondary qualitative research which talks about the key parameters that is to be judged while interviewing any candidate. For the research purpose, a pool of learned recruiters can be created, and a survey questionnaire can be floated among them. This will talk about the different aspects of job interviews like the interview format, training that is required for interviewers, a record of each conversation needs to be kept or not, use of multi-panel interview process and so on. The qualitative research can delve deep into such aspects of a job interview to come up with a structured interview format. Nowadays a lot of headhunting firms have also emerged which take up the work of recruitment for the organisation. They might also prove to be useful in this research if they are taken on board. In this way, we can create a detailed and elaborate qualitative research technique to deal with the problem of a job interview as a selection methodology of the right candidates. The research might come up with precise sample interview question which can be like as follows: The candidate can be asked about his philosophy or outlook about leadership or management which is might be especially useful while recruiting for management positions Questions regarding his team work experience is pertinent to every job The candidates can be given certain what if situations to decipher which will reveal his values and management outlook which can be compared with the mission and vision statement of the organisation Asking for the candidates weakness or a question about describe himself will help in judging certain personality traits like emotional stability, caring nature, teaming skills or the ability to lead a group of subordinates Questions based on these aspects may have a better impact in judging the proper candidate for a job and the right way to pose such question in an interview can come out from the qualitative research that will be carried out as part of the research problem. 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